Well drilling is a process for extraction of a natural resource such as oil; this involves several processes. Of course once well drilling is finished, the well casing has to be immediately done, with the help of the casing puller, elevators, iron roughnecks, etc., to ensure that no oil will come out and contaminate the environment while pumping. It is also necessary to prevent contamination of oil caused by fluids or mud on the walls. Below are some functions of the casing used in the process.
There is a lot of pressure in the lithosphere and other layers which the well is drilled before reaching the oil reservoir. This pressure if left unchecked can cause the well walls to collapse and cave in blocking the oil stream. A tube has to be inserted in the bore of the well to strengthen the walls and protect them from such pressure to be in use for even centuries without caving in.
The quality of crude oil has to be high and exactly the same as to the one coming out of the reservoir. This can't be guaranteed if the walls are not cased since the underground water will find its way to the oil stream and mix with it if there is no any case. A case will prevent the fluids from mixing but cutting any kind of contact that can happen.
As soon as the bore of the well has been inserted, steel pipes are placed through the bore until it reaches the bottom. These steel pipes are approximately 40 feet long, and can connect with other pipes, in order to create a chain. These pipes are attached together with collars.
After inserting the pipes into the well up to the reservoir, a test pump is done to make sure that the case is working perfectly without leaks and also to remove any kind of contamination that may be in it. This is done by inserting drill bit into the pipes and using drilling fluid. The fluid is pumped down the pipes for some time to clean it.
There are some empty spaces between the walls and the pipes, which are unacceptable since those pipes cannot be suspended like that. They must be fixed to stay at one position for such a long time. This can be done by pumping cement into the space between the case and the wall. The cement will dry after a while.
The steel casings are inserted after each drilling stage and cement added before moving on to the next phase, which means the drilling is done in stages by itself after inserting and cementing those steel pipes. Moreover, it also means that in each of the stages, there will be case with smaller diameter which can match the inside one used in previous stage.
Some areas will need to have an extra case which is called the intermediate casing. It is usually done to any zone that is showing weaknesses that can cause the well drilled to cave in even when it is cased. It adds strength to that zone to make sure it doesn't fail.
There is a lot of pressure in the lithosphere and other layers which the well is drilled before reaching the oil reservoir. This pressure if left unchecked can cause the well walls to collapse and cave in blocking the oil stream. A tube has to be inserted in the bore of the well to strengthen the walls and protect them from such pressure to be in use for even centuries without caving in.
The quality of crude oil has to be high and exactly the same as to the one coming out of the reservoir. This can't be guaranteed if the walls are not cased since the underground water will find its way to the oil stream and mix with it if there is no any case. A case will prevent the fluids from mixing but cutting any kind of contact that can happen.
As soon as the bore of the well has been inserted, steel pipes are placed through the bore until it reaches the bottom. These steel pipes are approximately 40 feet long, and can connect with other pipes, in order to create a chain. These pipes are attached together with collars.
After inserting the pipes into the well up to the reservoir, a test pump is done to make sure that the case is working perfectly without leaks and also to remove any kind of contamination that may be in it. This is done by inserting drill bit into the pipes and using drilling fluid. The fluid is pumped down the pipes for some time to clean it.
There are some empty spaces between the walls and the pipes, which are unacceptable since those pipes cannot be suspended like that. They must be fixed to stay at one position for such a long time. This can be done by pumping cement into the space between the case and the wall. The cement will dry after a while.
The steel casings are inserted after each drilling stage and cement added before moving on to the next phase, which means the drilling is done in stages by itself after inserting and cementing those steel pipes. Moreover, it also means that in each of the stages, there will be case with smaller diameter which can match the inside one used in previous stage.
Some areas will need to have an extra case which is called the intermediate casing. It is usually done to any zone that is showing weaknesses that can cause the well drilled to cave in even when it is cased. It adds strength to that zone to make sure it doesn't fail.
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